Imperfections
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Defect Types
Vacancy
Self-
Interstitial
Substitutional
Interstitial
Impurity
Schottky
Defect
Frenkel
Defect
Temperature
T =
800
K
300 K
1500 K
Lattice Grid
Size
8
×8
6
12
🎲 Randomize
↺ Reset
Dislocation Type
Edge
Screw
Applied Shear Stress
τ
0
(rel.)
0
τ_max
Display
Burgers
Vector
Burgers
Circuit
Extra Half-
Plane
Slip
Plane
▶ Glide
↺ Reset
Boundary / Surface Type
Surface
Energy
Low-Angle
Tilt
High-Angle
GB
Twin
Boundary
Phase
Boundary
Stacking
Fault
Grain Size d
d =
50
μm
10 μm
200 μm
Display
Grain
Colors
Orientation
Arrows
Defect Type
Voids
Inclusions
Precipitates
Porosity
Volume Fraction
f =
2.0
%
0.5%
15%
🎲 Randomize
↺ Reset
Technique
Optical
Microscopy
SEM
TEM
X-Ray
Diffraction
Magnification
Mag
200
×
Low
High
Toggle defect types and adjust temperature to explore vacancy concentration via the Arrhenius equation.
⚫ Point Defects
〰 Dislocations
🔲 Planar Defects
🫧 Volume Defects
🔬 Characterization
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